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Lawmaking procedure in India
India is a democracy having quasi-federal structure of Government. Laws are made separately at different levels, by the Union Government (i.e. The Government of India/ Federal Government/ Central Government) for the whole country and by the State Governments for their respective states as well as by local municipal councils at district level. The Legislative procedure in India for the Union Government requires that proposed bills pass through the two legislative houses of the Indian parliament, i.e. the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The legislative procedure for states with bicameral legislatures requires that proposed bills be passed, first in the state's Lower House or the Vidhan Sabha and then in the Upper House or the State Vidhan Parishad. For states with unicameral legislatures, laws and bills need to be passed only in the state's Vidhan Sabha, for they don't have a Vidhan Parishad. Overall this is similar to the 'House of Commons' and the 'House of Lords' in UK.
==Difference between a Bill and an Act==
Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament of India in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament. As soon as the bill has been framed, it has to be published in the news papers and the general public is asked to comment in a democratic manner. The bill may then be amended to incorporate the public opinion in a constructive manner and then may be introduced in the Parliament by ministers or private members. The former are called government bills and the latter, private members' bills. Bills may also be classified as public bills and private bills. A public bill is one referring to a matter applying to the public in general, whereas a private bill relates to a particular person or corporation or institution. The ''Orphanages and Charitable Homes Bill'' or the ''Muslim Waqfs Bills'' are examples of private bills.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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